Linux開機時將VMware虛擬機自動帶起

在Windows上自動帶起相對文章很多,我不多贅述,
我是在CentOS用VMware Workstation安裝Windows虛擬機
如果是VM Server也就沒那麼多問題,console界面就有自動開機選項了.

VM自動帶起的做法如下,請在 /etc/rc.local新增一行指令
su -l username -c '/usr/bin/vmrun start "/XXX/XXX.vmx" nogui'

短短一行指令,需注意如下,以免浪費您一堆時間,還開不起來!
1.username:需是root或是其它你要開VM的Linux user ID.
2.nogui:因為你在command mode是沒有圖型界面的,所以要加此參數.

ps:我用其它機器以ssh遠端登入CentOS後,用指令vmrun start "/XXX/XXX.vmx" nogui
這樣是帶不起來機器,會發生找不到display,如果有先進知道該怎麼做,請留言分享予我.
2012年1月9日 星期一
Posted by 紹斌
Tag :

Nagios Check_as400 PlugIn

Last edited by Shao-Pin, Cheng Taipei, Taiwan 
-----------------------------------------------------------

Check_as400 was  created for Nagios to monitor IBM System i.

Easy monitoring of all key indicators.


Nagios Exchange - Check_AS400

The following I have completed the development of options:
      AJ = Number of active jobs in system.
      CJ = Check to see if job is in the system.
      CJS [status ] [noperm]
            = Check to see if job is existing in Subsystem and has this status.
                          Job checking can be controlled by :
                          status       = any other status goes to critical
                          noperm                = don't go to critical if job is not in the system
                          NOTE: if JobStatus is set, it has highest Priority
      JOBS = Number of jobs in system.
      CJM = Check the temporary storage used of job.
      JOBQ = Number of jobs in JOBQ.
      CPU = CPU load.
      CPUC = CPU load, Consider Current processing capacity. (CPU used * VP nums / cpuBase).
                          NOTE: Specify , EX: You want use 3 CPU only, but VP use more than 3.
      CPUT = Top CPU used job. The total processing unit time used by the job
                          Specify job name, ex: *ALL or QZ* or QZDASOINIT
      US = Percent free storage
      ASP = Check ASP used
      DISK = Check DISK Status.
      DB = DB utilization. (Not available after V6R1)
      DBFault = Pool DB/Non-DB Fault
      LOGIN = Check if login completes.
      MSG = Check for any unanswered messages on msg queue
                          Any unanswered messages causes warning status.
      OUTQ  = Check outq files, writer and status. No writer, or
                          status of 'HLD' causes warning status. This default
                          behavior can be modified with the following options:
                             nw   = Don't go critical when no writer
                             ns    = Don't warn if status is 'HLD'
                             nf    = Ignore number of files in queue
                          NOTE: threshold values are used on number of files
      SBS = Check if the subsystem is running.
                          NOTE: specify as library/subsystem
      PRB = Check if the problem was identified.
      ---------- VISION MIMIX ----------
      MIMIX = Check MIMIX Data Group Unprocessed Entry Count, Transfer definition, RJ link state.
      ---------- Rocket iCluster ----------
      ICNODE = Check for any Inactive or Failed Node status.
      ICGROUP = Check for any Inactive or Indoubt Group status.
      ICSWTCHRDY = Check for multiple conditions for switch readiness.

-SSL
  Use SSL connection.
-d
   Be verbose (debug)
       NOTE: Needs to be one of the first arguments to work
-D
   Be verbose and dump screen outputs (debug)
      NOTES: Needs to be one of the first arguments to work
             When things are not working, use this flag, redirect the output to a file and send it to me!

Notes:
 -CPU, DB and US threshold's are decimal, JOBS, JOBQ and OUTQ are integers.

======================================================================
Install Note 
======================================================================
* Modify your $NAGIOS_PATH/.as400 with the correct user and password.
* Modify chech_as400 with the correct java path. 
* Set NAGIOS user profile Display sign-on information *NO 
- CHGUSRPRF USRPRF(NAGIOS) DSPSGNINF(*NO) 
Initial program to call  . . . .   *NONE
Initial menu . . . . . . . . . .   MAIN
* Nagios user may need to use IBM default sign-on display file
   Or change nagiso user to other subsystem description to use system default display file
  a.Use the Change Subsystem Description (CHGSBSD) command.
  b.Specify the display file on the SGNDSPF parameter. System default is QSYS/QDSIGNON
  c.ADDWSE SBSD(SBSLIB/SBSD) WRKSTN(QPADEVxx*) AT(*SIGNON)

* Avoid the massive entries log
CHGJOBD JOBD(NAGIOSJOBD) LOG(4 00 *MSG)

* Use SSL connection 
 Must add CE to JAVA, for EX:
keytool -import -trustcacerts -keystore /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-1.7.0.85.x86_64/jre/lib/security/cacerts -storepass changeit -noprompt -alias xxxx_ce -file /xx/xxx/XXXX.cer

If you upgrade cum-package, then plugin stop working
Releases affected, V6R1M0 and M1, V7.1 and V7.2 (with different ptfs)
Release 610 : MF58587                                           
Release 611 : MF58588                                           
Release 710 : MF58589                                           
Release 720 : MF58590 


There is a PTF to resolve plugin stop working
* RECOMMENDATION: Apply LIC PTF MF59537 for i 6.1              * 
*                 Apply LIC PTF MF59538 for i 6.1.1            * 
*                 Apply LIC PTF MF59539 for i 7.1              * 
*                 Apply LIC PTF MF59540 for i 7.2              *

======================================================================
Help check_as400 - Click Sponsored Ads
======================================================================
This donation will help me provide everyone with greater content


======================================================================
For different language 
======================================================================
(optional 1 - Support EN/FR/DE/IT)
1.If your system is running on another language than english, follow the steps below
# cd /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_as400/Lang Source
2.Then copy the java class file of your language (EX:substitute french with your language)
# cp check_as400_lang_french.java ../check_as400_lang.java
3.Then compile it
# javac check_as400_lang.java

(optional 2 - Change Nagios user profile to EN)
The NAGIOS user profile has INLPGM parameter set to a CLP (MAINGBCL)
This is the MAINGBCL:
/*********************************************************************/
/* SERVER PROFILE FOR NAGIOS !!!!!!!!!                                                               */
/*********************************************************************/
PGM                                                                                                                                  
              CHGSYSLIBL LIB(QSYS2924)                                                                        
              RCLRSC                                                                                                              
ENDPGM 
                                                                                                                          


This CLP change the language in English.

======================================================================
Troubleshooting
======================================================================
Use -D (debug) option,
.For example
check_as400  -D  -H x.x.x.x -v DISK > debug.log

======================================================================
Change log
======================================================================
Check_as400 Version: 1.5.1 <2019> 
* Fixed WRKSYSSTS check problem on V7R3 


Check_as400 Version: 1.4.4 <2017> 
* Fixed CPUT problem on OS V7R2. 
* Added check job temporary storage used. (Thanks, BIANCHI Xavier) 


Check_as400 Version: 1.4.2_1 (2016/04/29)
* Added ITALIAN language. (Thanks to Riccardo Morandotti)

Check_as400 Version: 1.4.2 <2015 style="font-family: verdana, tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 20.4px;"> (2015/06/29)
* Added SSL connection option. 
* Fixed username display in Login ERROR message. 
* Fixed Log in failure on 10 character username. 

Check_as400 Version: 1.3.0 : (2015/03/10)
Modified check CJ for duplicate jobs, can specify job number for CRITICAL and WARNING value.

Check_as400 Version: 1.2.9 :  
* Fixed check MSG for LANG FR/GE string index out of range error. 
(Thanks to Frederic MOURAGUES) 

Check_as400 Version: 1.2.8 :
* Added check for Number of file members. 
(Thanks to Tim Vandegrift) 

Check_as400 Version: 1.2.7 : ( 2013.08.29 ) 
* Added check for work with problems. 
* Added check for top CPU used job. 
The total processing unit time used by the job. 

Check_as400 Version: 1.2.5 :
* Added check for Rocket iCluster. Node Status, Group Status, Switch Readines. 

Check_as400 Version: 1.2.4 : 
* Added French language definitions 
* Fixed check CJ command && parse error. 
* Fixed check OUTQ error with V6R1/V7R1. And can specify the library now. 
2011年11月18日 星期五
Posted by 紹斌

CISA證照維持費

CISA要求認證後.需持續進修CPE學分,並且繳納證照續費,
每三年修滿120個學分,每年不得低於20學分.
加入會員及分會是最快獲的CPE的方式,
而非會員目前每年證照續費(CISA Fee)加收85美金.

2011 Basic Membership Dues 135.00 135.00
2011 142-Taiwan Chapter 50.00 50.00 (大陸香港分會是55美金)
2011 CISA Fee 40.00 40.00

一年需繳交 $225美金(約七千台幣),且每年約調5美金,
我國未更近一步像韓國或是美國法規上強制要求 執業需證照 的規範.
常造就有效證照數偏低的狀況.

深感在個人及制度上,我們都仍有許多待進步的空間,
以提高資訊相關方面的水準,與世界競爭.
2011年10月11日 星期二
Posted by 紹斌
Tag :

談Nagios 開放原始碼監控系統

前一陣子忙於工作與考試,有件事一直未放上網誌,以免又忘了....

今年五月的某一天,很高興和PowerOp聊聊我非常愛用的開源軟體 Nagios,
說明開源軟體在實務上做了那些應用,
PowerOp podcast

開源的精神就是靠群體互助,讓軟體越做越好.
非常高興又完成一件 分享 的樂事 !


--------------------------------------------------------------------------
近來對Nagios又有新的想法與作為,
我發現可以拿來做資訊安全控管監控軟體,
1.寫程式監控規則型的入侵檢測. IDS by rule
如: IF a root user creates File1 and File2
2.寫Hook放在online交易中檢核帳務.
3.再透過Nagvis整合監控畫面.

嗯....這些我都做的到,完成後想必很牛B.
2011年8月31日 星期三
Posted by 紹斌
Tag :

考取CISA的經驗


我通過考試的相關經驗,希望能對你有幫助.
http://www.caa.org.tw/news-detail.asp?id=227

(一).關於CISA
國際資訊系統稽核控管與協會 ISACA (Information Systems Audit and Control Association)舉辦國際
電腦稽核師 CISA (Certified Information System Auditor) 認證,
- 全球有效認證人數(CISAs)超過33,000
- 台灣地區自1987年至2009年12月約有361人通過CISA考試。
- 台灣地區持有CISA 證照的人數(CISAs)為191位(統計至2011.08.04止)。

(二).報名及費用
加入ISACA會員及臺灣分會,以及考試辦到好的費用約USD $605,早鳥另有約USD $50優惠.

(三).考前準備經驗談
先看CISA Review Manual,再做題目,
將做錯誤的題目標示記錄,並回頭去查看CISA Review Manual,做思考邏輯調整.
而仍有1/3比較艱深的題目或答案所涉及的內容,需要翻其它參考書或是找Google才能對題目內容含蓋的知識做全面的瞭解,
一下灌太多的知識到腦裡,腦筋肯定吃不消,建議採分天慢慢閱讀,因此備考時間要充足,
像我工作忙時沒法看書,回家陪小孩後也快趴了,只好趁小孩睡覺後看個一時半刻,並盡量早點起床翻一下書,
最後一個月艱熬期間,為了消除緊張感,利用零碎時間,把所有的做錯或不熟的題目再複習一次加強邏輯,等著上考場.

Tips:千萬不要妄想硬背答案,幾千道例題中重複機率極低,唯解題的邏輯是相似的,
因此要注意題意以及邏輯的先後順序,從對的答案中選出最適合的答案.

(四).應考
考試當天,起床吃個早餐,會需要體力的.
清點考試用品(請帶護照),建議早點出門,避免意外擔誤.
到了考場,先報到登記.
工作人員會說中文,考試開始前宣讀考規,全程用英文說明,另有附中文翻譯文件,
宣讀的速度很快,不可恍神,順著考場監考人員節拍填寫資料,以免個人資料填錯,不懂可舉手發問.
接下來就是4小時,200題,腦力與體力的考驗.

(五).通過考試,申請證書
上ISACA官方網站下載申請書PDF,另有WEB版直接線上填寫,填寫完畢後以電子郵件報送,這是最快最方便的選擇.

(六).總結
考試成績得在全世界前25%才會通過,應有不幸失敗,重新爬起的勇氣及決心,而努力是成功的必要條件.
整體而言,有中大型企業相關實務工作經驗與IT技術能力,看書效率會較好,通過機率會較高.

拿到這張證照,代表達到國際「電腦稽核」的標準!
而「專業」之所以有別於「職業」的關鍵點在於是否有「共通標準的知識體系」,
根據美國勞工部的解釋,所稱專業必須包括五個要素:
1.有國家級的會員組織
2.有明訂專業道德條款
3.有學術研究作後盾
4.有範圍出明確的知識體系
5.須有證照、認證、執照、牌照等來區分從業資格。

所以最早期能被稱作專業的工作只有三個:
1.牧師(例 如有聖經為標準)
2.醫師(例如有病/藥理學為標準)
3.律師(例如法律為標準)。
對於難以預設標準的領域,可能藝術或工藝成份較高,亦有其專精的成份(日本所稱之「達人」),而這類職業也有走向國際化證照的趨勢!

現今許多國際級認證所代表的「專業」,與能否「執業」,亦或能否帶來更多的收入,不一定能劃上等號,但是在個人知識一定有所成長,
臺灣目前稀少的證照,未來會不會出現越來越多擁有相同專業能力的人相互競爭,還是得回歸市場需求.


最後摘錄CISA 2011知識內容綱要供參考:
2011 CISA的工作實務領域如下(參考自稽核協會網站說明):
1 資訊系統稽核流程(14%)- 依據資訊系統稽核標準,提供稽核服務,以協助組織保護和控制資訊系統。
2 資訊治理與管理(14%)- 提供必要的領導力、組織結構和流程使能達到組織目標與支持其策略。
3 資訊系統的取得、發展、建置(19%)- 確保資訊系統的取得、發展、測試及建置實務符合組織的策略與目標。
4 資訊系統的營運、維護及支持(23%)- 確保資訊系統的營運、維護及支持流程符合組織的策略與目標。
5 資訊資產的保護(30%)- 確保組織的安全政策、標準、程序和控制足以保證資訊資產的機密性、完整性與可用性
2011年8月29日 星期一
Posted by 紹斌
Tag :

AIX上使用Nagios監控軟體接收SNMP的訊息,以IBM TS3100為例

1.在AIX編譯 SNMP 5.5 或是去找rpm安裝
./configure --disable-embedded-perl --without-kmem-usage

2.安裝SNMP (snmpd snmptrapd)
(1).安裝後設定設定檔 ./snmpconf -i
(2).IBM TS3100磁帶館預設snmp community是 public (initial),

3.安裝snmptt 以處理Trap後的Log
(1).snmptrapd.conf要加權限,並讓snmptt的Stand along和Daemon mod都能處理snmptrap的訊息
authCommunity log,execute,net public
traphandle default /usr/sbin/snmptthandler
traphandle default /usr/sbin/snmptt
重啟snmpd及snmptrapd
(2).snmptt 導入要監控的mib檔
./snmpttconvertmib --in=/usr/share/snmp/mibs/powernet361.mib --out=/etc/snmp/snmptt.ibm.conf
(3).vi snmptt.ini 將 snmptt.ibm.conf 加入
(4).要送訊息的部份加入submit_check_result HOSTNAME SERVICENAME CODE MESSAGE,範例如下
EVENT eventDoorOpen .1.3.6.1.4.1.2.6.210.4.2 "Status Events" INFORMATIONAL
FORMAT Library Door Opened: The library $1 (Serial Number $2) door has been opened.
EXEC /usr/local/nagios/libexec/eventhandlers/submit_check_result AS400-B0000 TS3100 1 "The library $1 (Serial Number $2) door has been opened"
SDESC
The library door has been opened.
Variables:
EDESC
(5).重啟snmptt服務,查log是否正確
(6).開TS 3100的Door或是Login/Logout Web帳號做測試.

Debug
1.有問的的話改snmpd.conf snmptrapd.conf snmptt.ini(debug=2),輸出log
2.AIX 開IIP trace,看該設備有沒有訊息到AIX
/usr/bin/startsrc -s iptrace -a "-a -b -d x.x.x.x -i en0 /var/log/snmptt/iptrace.cap" >/dev/null 2>&1
/usr/bin/stopsrc -s iptrace >/dev/null 2>&1
看trace log
ipreport -srn /var/log/snmptt/iptrace.cap
2011年4月15日 星期五
Posted by 紹斌
Tag : ,

Sending HMC Commands from a CL Program

In R530 of IBM i5/OS, HMC commands can now be sent directly to the HMC by using the 5733SC1 IBM Portable Utilities for i5/OS LPP. This allows i5/OS system administrators to send commands to the HMC from an i5/OS command line, the scheduler or from a program. Public key authentication can be configured to allow the commands to be run in an unattended environment. As an example, a CL program performing a system backup can issue a DLPAR move command to add a tape device to its partition before performing the save.

This document provides a sample CL program that can be used to submit HMC commands and check if they run successfully. It also provides the HMC and i5/OS setup necessary to run the sample.

HMC Setup

Step 1: Enable SSH on the HMC:

a Expand HMC Management > HMC Configuration.
b In the Contents area, click Enable/Disable Remote Command Execution.
c Select the appropriate check box.
d Click OK.

Step 2: Enable SSH in the HMC firewall:

a Expand HMC Management > HMC Configuration.
b In the Contents area, click Customize Network Settings.
c Click the LAN Adapters tab.
d Select the LAN adapter used for the open network (normally eth1), then click the details button.
e Select Secure Shell 22:tcp , and click the allow incoming button.
f Click OK, and click OK.
g The HMC will display a panel stating that the settings will be applied on the next reboot. Click OK. Do not reboot. Firewall settings go into effect immediately.

i5/OS Setup


Step 1: Install and Configure IBM Portable Utilities for i5/OS:


The LPO 5733SC1, IBM Portable Utilities for i5/OS, is now available for V5R3 i5/OS users. The 5733SC1 LPO contains the OpenSSH, OpenSSL, and zlib open source packages that are ported to i5/OS by using the i5/OS PASE runtime environment. The 5733SC1 LPO requires that i5/OS V5R3 and i5/OS Option 33 (i5/OS PASE - Portable Solutions Application Environment) are installed. For further information on installing and configuring this LPP, refer to the following Web site:

http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/enable/site/porting/tools/openssh.html .

Note: The 5733SC1 LPO requires i5/OS V5R3 and also requires that 5722SS1 Option 33 (i5/OS PASE - Portable Solutions Application Environment) be installed. The sample program requires 5722SS1 Option 30 QShell Interpreter.
a Apply current SSH PTFs. For a list of required PTFs, refer to the following Rochester Support Center knowledgebase document:

371780606, OpenSSH PTF List for V5R3: Database 'Rochester Support Line KnowledgeBase', View 'All Documents', Document 'OpenSSH PTF List for V5R3'

OpenSSH portion of 5733-SC1 consists of these utilities:

* ssh - a secure telnet replacement that allows an i5/OS user to connect as a client to a server running the sshd daemon
* sftp - a secure ftp replacement
* scp - a secure file copy program -- basically an alternative to sftp for copying a single file in the integrated file system (IFS)
* ssh-keygen - a public/private key generation and management tool
* ssh-agent - an authentication agent that can store private keys
* sshd - the daemon that handles incoming ssh connections.

Note:
The sshd daemon utility allows users to connect to i5/OS via an ssh client. In contrast to connecting to i5/OS via telnet and being presented with a 5250 screen interface, users that connect via ssh to an i5/OS system running the sshd daemon will be presented with a character interface and an i5/OS PASE command line.

Hints and Tips for Using OpenSSH:
CRTIMGCLG IMGCLG(SSHCAT) DIR('/home/SSHCAT') CRTDIR(*YES)
ADDIMGCLGE IMGCLG(SSHCAT) FROMFILE('/5733sc1/5733sc1.iso') <=V5R3 CD Lable must be "SC1_CO"
CRTDEVOPT DEVD(OPTVRT01) RSRCNAME(*VRT) ONLINE(*YES) TEXT('virtual optical device')
LODIMGCLG IMGCLG(SSHCAT) DEV(OPTVRT01) OPTION(*LOAD)

To install OpenSSH:
RSTLICPGM LICPGM(5733SC1) DEV(OPTxx) OPTION(*BASE) RSTOBJ(*ALL) LNG(2924)
RSTLICPGM LICPGM(5733SC1) DEV(OPTxx) OPTION(1) RSTOBJ(*PGM)

Step 2: Configure the QSHELL path

The sample assumes the IBM Portable Utilities are added to the QSHELL path. The QSHELL path can be set system wide by adding a path environment variable or by using one of the other methods described in the IBM iSeries Information Center.

To set the path using a system wide environment variable, on the i5/OS command line, type the following:

ADDENVVAR ENVVAR(PATH) VALUE('/usr/bin:.:/QOpenSys/usr/bin:/QOpenSys/QIBM/ProdData/SC1/OpenSSH/openssh-3.5p1/bin') LEVEL(*SYS)

Press the Enter key.

Step 3: Verify the i5/OS user profile home directory:
a For each i5/OS user profile running the program under their account, verify the home directory. Use the DSPUSRPRF command to verify the i5/OS user's home directory (HOMEDIR field):

DSPUSRPRF

Press the Enter key. The default is /home/.
b Verify the directory exists:

wrklnk

Press the Enter key.
c Use the mkdir command to create the directory or alter the profile to the desired existing home directory as desired. This directory is used to store the user ssh configuration information such as known_hosts and the private/public key pairs.

Step 4: Verify the DNS configuration and network connectivity:
a The HMC host name must be configured in the DNS server or a local host entry must exist for the HMC (CFGTCP Option 10). To verify network connectivity and DNS resolution, type the following command on the i5/OS command line:

ping

where is the HMC's short host name. Verify that the ping is successful.
b Type the following command:

nslookup 'w.x.y.z'

where 'w.x.y.z' is the HMC's TCP/IP address. This must return the HMC's fully qualified host name.
c If the HMC host name or TCP/IP address cannot be correctly resolved, then correct the DNS configuration or add a local hosts entry for the HMC to the i5/OS partition. To add the HMC to the partition hosts list use the following command:

ADDTCPHTE INTNETADR('w.x.y.z') HOSTNAME(('myhmc') ('myhmc.mydomain'))

where 'w.x.y.z' is the HMC TCP/IP address used on the open network (usually eth1) and myhmc and myhmc.mydomain are the HMC host name and HMC host name.domain name as configured in the HMC network configuration.

Step 5: Verify the ssh connection:

a Start QSHELL using the command STRQSH .
b At the QSHELL prompt, verify the ssh connection by using the following command:

ssh -T @

It will prompt for password.

Note: The -T is optional. If not specified, the user receives the warning message tcgetattr: A system call received a parameter that is not valid. This warning can be ignored.
c Verify that the user can log on the HMC and run a command such as ls /usr/hmcrbin .

Note: The first time a ssh connection is made to the HMC the user is prompted to verify the authenticity of the hmc:

The authenticity of host 'cs6hmc (9.5.32.12)' can't be established.
. key fingerprint is RSA.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?

The user must answer yes. The HMC's public key will then be stored in the user's /.ssh/known_hosts file and the user will not be prompted again. The known_hosts file must be configured for each i5/OS user profile that the CL program will run under.
d Log off the HMC. Use the command exit to end the ssh session.

Step 6: Generate a private public key pair on the i5/OS partition.


These instructions can also be found in the eServer Information Center web site. The commands used in the i5/OS setup can be entered from QSHELL (STRQSH ) or from the PASE terminal session (call qp2term ).
a Generate a key pair for the i5/OS partition by using the ssh command ssh-keygen . Run the following command from the partition Qshell or PASE terminal session. Do not type a passphrase when prompted (press the Enter key).

ssh-keygen -t rsa

Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/ddilling/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /ddilling/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /ddilling/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is: 86:57:44:54:f6:2c:9f:fa:88:fd:97:2e:b4:53:c0:f8 ddilling@RCHASCLC.RCHLAND.IBM.COM
b Copy the public key to the clipboard. List the public key that was generated:

cat

where is the public key file name (id_rsa.pub) from the previous step. The output will be a long string such as the following:

ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEAuF8Uq/GG4CdFdDUXl+ggSleo96SbGZEkGtKD721r+hCPya9iy3tCYijCFs9SMjovHdlGmzX5FFbOuYDnlk2yvhBfXvx/V7TmmmsvQlvsz8a8ulm/Z+dzwJiUV+rHv9moeRnLVksafsuHCo034qITqYDMKlS27jVtc4/HG+VF1c8= ddilling@RCHASCLC.RCHLAND.IBM.COM
Example of using Qshell to list and copy the public key:

Screen shot of QSH Command Entry screen,
Caution : The IBM Personal Communications emulator paste function will append a carriage return and line feed character to the end of each line if it is used to paste into a Microsoft Windows program (such as Notepad) or a Windows ssh client (such as PuTTY). Be careful to remove the extra control characters when pasting to a Windows program.

Step 7: Type the public key into the HMC:


The public key generated in Step 6 must be entered into the HMC user's ~/.ssh/authorized_keys2 file using the HMC mkauthkeys command. These instructions can also be found in the eServer Information Center web site. The mkauthkeys command can be run on the local HMC or any ssh session connected to the HMC. The example below uses Qshell as the ssh client.

Note: Type or copy/paste the key string exactly as it is stored in the id_rsa.pub file. Do not include any extra carriage return, line feed or space. See the example below.
a Open a ssh session to the HMC or a restricted shell on the local HMC.

Example of using Qshell to ssh to the HMC (same as step 5 above):

Screen shot of QSH Command Entry
b Register the public key using the mkauthkeys command. Type the command mkauthkeys --add on the first line. Position the cursor at the start of the next line . Paste the key onto the next few lines. Insert a single quote at the beginning and end of the string as shown below:

Screen shot of QSH Command Entry for mkauthkeys
c Position the cursor at the end of the line and carefully remove the spaces that were inserted by the paste operation using the delete key. Press the Enter key to run the command.
Another screen shot of QSH Command Entry for mkauthkeys

Step 8: Verify the secure script configuration:

If the keys match, then running the ssh command from the partition will no longer prompt for a user or password (the terminal type prompt can be suppressed using the -T option). Exit any existing ssh session to the HMC, the connect again from Qshell or the PASE command shell. There should not be any prompt for password.

ssh

tcgetattr: The specified device does not exist.
Last login: Thu Jun 30 17:26:51 2005 from localhost.localdomain
tset: unknown terminal type unknown
Terminal type?
vt100
vt100
ddilling@cs6hmc:~>

If that fails, verify that the key was entered correctly. The output of the following HMC command must contain the key exactly as shown in Step 6b. If multiple systems have configured secure script, then more than one entry can exist.

cat .ssh/authorized_keys2

ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEAuF8Uq/GG4CdFdDUXl+ggSleo96SbGZEkGtKD721r+hCPya9iy3tCYijCFs9SMjovHdlGmzX5FFbOuYDnlk2yvhBfXvx/V7TmmmsvQlvsz8a8ulm/Z+dzwJiUV+rHv9moeRnLVksafsuHCo034qITqYDMKlS27jVtc4/HG+VF1c8= ddilling@RCHASCLC.RCHLAND.IBM.COM

Common Error Messages

1) ssh: w.x.y.z: Hostname and service name not provided or found

When you connect using a TCP/IP address, ssh expects to be able to perform a DNS reverse-lookup for the address provided. If the host name cannot be resolved, this error is returned. To resolve the problem, correctly register the HMC in the DNS (and enable reverse name look-up) or add a host table entry for the HMC address to the IBM eServer™ i5 partition's host table. The following command creates a host table entry in i5/OS:

ADDTCPHTE INTNETADR('w.x.y.z') HOSTNAME((somehostname)

Press the Enter key.

2) ssh-keygen fails with error "not enough entropy in RNG"

The fix for SE19413 is missing. See the recommended PTF list above.

3) "You don't exist, go away!".

The i5/OS user profile that the ssh command runs under must be 8 characters or less in length.

Running HMC Commands

Once ssh and private/public key authorization is configured, HMC commands can be run directly without prompting for password.

To run a Qshell command from the i5/OS command line or a CL program, use the QSH command; for example:

QSH CMD('ssh -T ddilling@cs6hmc lshmc -V')

HMC commands can also be added to the scheduler; for example:

ADDJOBSCDE JOB(SSHCMD) CMD(QSH CMD('ssh -T ddilling@cs6hmc lshmc -V')) FRQ(*ONCE) SCDTIME('20:00:00')

To run several commands at one time, it may be easier to create a shell script which runs the commands and then invoke the script from the i5/OS.

CL Sample

The following sample CL program shows how to invoke QSHELL to run the ssh command. The sample accepts a HMC name, command to run, optional parameters for the identity file and user, then runs the command on the remote HMC. Finally, it retrieves the return code of the command that was run to determine if the command succeeded.

The example calls the CL program and runs a DLPAR add operation to add the specified IO slot to the target i5/OS partition. The program checks the exit status of the HMC command to determine if the command succeeded. If run in batch, the standard out from the HMC is directed to a spooled file for the job. For more complex operations, it may be easier to wrapper the HMC commands in a QSHELL script and run the script from the CL program.

Example Call:

CALL PGM(HMCCL) PARM(
'chhwres -r io -m CS6520 -o a -p RCHASCS6B -l 2102000A '
'9.5.32.12 ' 'ddilling2 ' '/ddilling/.ssh/id_rsa ')

******************************************************************************/
/* HMC ssh Sample */
/* */
/* HMCCMD CHAR(122) HMC command to execute padded to 122 chars */
/* HOST CHAR(15) HMC hostname or ip address */
/* USER CHAR(10) [optional] HMC user profile name */
/* IDENTITY CHAR(48) [optional] Identity file name */
/* */
/* Parmaters map to the ssh command being run as */
/* ssh host | user@host [-i identity] hmccmd */
/* where optional parameters with values of all blanks are treated as missing.*/
/* */
/* - Requires 5733-SC1 -- IBM Portable Utilities for i5/OS */
/* - Secure script execution between the i5/OS partition and the HMC */
/* must be configured for the hmc profile being used. */
/* - if PARM3 is omitted (all blanks), ssh defaults to using the i5/OS user */
/* profile the program is running under (or name specified in user config */
/* file). */
/* - PARM4 can be omitted (all blanks) if the default location for the */
/* identity file is used (/.ssh) */
/* - Assumes QOpenSys/QIBM/ProdData/SC1/OpenSSH/openssh-3.5p1/bin */
/* has been added to the path. */
/* */
/* Example (as entered in call qcmd). Verify parameters are padded to the */
/* correct length. */
/* ===> CALL PGM(HMCCL)PARM( */
/*'ls /usr/hmcrbin */
/* ' '9.5.32.12 ' 'ddilling ' */
/*'/ddilling/.ssh/id_rsa ') */
/* */
/* 6/28/2005 1.4 user profile parameter */
/* 7/05/2005 1.5 bug fix */
/* 12/05/2005 1.6 -T */
/* V1.6 ddilling@us.ibm.com */
/******************************************************************************/
PGM PARM(&HMCCMD &HOST &USER &IDENTITY)
DCL VAR(&HMCCMD) TYPE(*CHAR) LEN(122)
DCL VAR(&HOST) TYPE(*CHAR) LEN(15) /*HMC host name/ip */
DCL VAR(&USER) TYPE(*CHAR) LEN(10) /*HMC userprofile */
DCL VAR(&IDENTITY) TYPE(*CHAR) LEN(48) /*Identity file */

DCL VAR(&CMD) TYPE(*CHAR) LEN(256)
DCL VAR(&USERLEN) TYPE(*INT)
DCL VAR(&X) TYPE(*INT)
/* return status parms */
DCL VAR(&BIN4) TYPE(*CHAR) LEN(4)
DCL VAR(&EXITCODED) TYPE(*DEC) LEN(8 0)
DCL VAR(&EXITCODEC) TYPE(*CHAR) LEN(8)
DCL VAR(&MSGID) TYPE(*CHAR) LEN(7)

/* Build the qshell command to execute */
/* adding the user profile as needed. */
IF (%SST(&USER 1 1) *EQ ' ') THEN(DO)
CHGVAR VAR(&CMD) VALUE('ssh -T ' *CAT &HOST)
ENDDO
ELSE DO
CHGVAR VAR(&CMD) VALUE('ssh ' *CAT &USER +
*TCAT '@' *CAT &HOST)
ENDDO

/*Add identity file if needed. */
IF (%SST(&IDENTITY 1 1) *NE ' ') THEN(DO)
/* Add the -i option to specify the identity file name */
/* Ex: -i /ddilling/.ssh/id_rsa */
CHGVAR VAR(&CMD) VALUE(&CMD *TCAT +
' -i ' *CAT &IDENTITY )
ENDDO
/*Append the command */
CHGVAR VAR(&CMD) VALUE(&CMD *TCAT +
' "' *CAT &HMCCMD *CAT '"' )

/* execute the command */
QSH CMD(&CMD)
MONMSG MSGID(CPF9999) EXEC(DO)
UNKNOWN:
SNDPGMMSG MSG('Unable to execute the ssh command. +
Review joblog for details.')
GOTO EXIT
ENDDO

/* Check the status code */
RCVMSG MSGTYPE(*COMP) RMV(*NO) MSGDTA(&BIN4) +
MSGID(&MSGID)
CHGVAR VAR(&EXITCODED) VALUE(%BINARY(&BIN4))
CHGVAR VAR(&EXITCODEC) VALUE(&EXITCODED)
/* 0 is command worked */
IF COND(&EXITCODED=0) THEN(DO)
SNDPGMMSG MSG('HMC command executed successfully, exit +
code 0')
ENDDO
/* 1 is command execution failed */
/* 2 is command syntax error */
/* 255 Unable to connect */
/* ELSE CMD(IF COND(&EXITCODD=1) THEN(DO */
ELSE CMD(DO)
SNDPGMMSG MSG('HMC command was executed but failed +
with a non-zero exit code of ' *CAT +
&EXITCODEC *CAT '. View stdout for details')
ENDDO

EXIT:
ENDPGM
2011年3月15日 星期二
Posted by 紹斌
Tag :

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